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| Audi 100 / Audi 200 | |
|---|---|
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| Manufacturer | Audi AG |
| Parent company | Volkswagen AG |
| Production | 1968—1997 |
| Successor | Audi A6 |
| Class | Mid-size luxury car / Executive car |
The Audi 100 is a mid-sized automobile from Audi, made between 1968 and 1994. The C3 model of the 100 (sold in the United States as the Audi 5000 until 1988) was controversial in that it was targeted by CBS News as being unsafe,[1] but it was eventually cleared by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
Contents |
| First generation 100 (C1) | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Production | 1968–1976 827.474 built four-door: 796,787 Coupé S: 30.687Werner Oswald: Deutsche Autos 1945-1990, vol. 4, ISBN 3-613-02131-5, p. 268 |
| Assembly | Neckarsulm, Ingolstadt, Germany |
| Body style(s) | 4-door sedan 2-door coupe 2-door sedan |
| Layout | Front engine, front-wheel drive |
| Platform | Volkswagen C1 platform |
Audi 100 LS 2 door sedan
The Audi 100 was shown to the press on November 26, 1968. Originally denoting a power output of 100 PS (99 hp/74 kW), the Audi 100 was the range\'s largest car after the Audi brand was revived by Volkswagen in 1965. The C1 platform spawned several variants: the Audi 100 two- and four-door sedans, and the Audi 100 Coupé S, a stylish fastback coupé.
Audi followed up the introduction of the four-door saloon in November 1968 with a two-door saloon in October 1969 and the 100 Coupé S in autumn 1970. The cars originally came in base (1.8 liter, 80 PS (79 hp/59 kW)), 100 S (1.8 liter, 90 PS (89 hp/66 kW)) and 100 LS (1.8 litre, 100 PS (99 hp/73 kW)) guise, while the Coupé was driven by a bored-up 1.9 litre developing 115 PS (113 hp/84 kW). From April 1970 the 100 LS could be ordered with a 3-speed automatic transmission sourced from Volkswagen.
Starting with model year 1972 the 80 and 90 PS versions were replaced by a new regular-petrol-variant of the 1.8 liter engine developing 85 PS (84 hp/63 kW); at the same time, the 100 GL was introduced that featured the 1.9 liter engine formerly used in the Coupé S only.
In September 1973 the 100 received a minor facelift with a somewhat smaller grille and reshuffled taillight lens patterns. The rear torsion bar was replaced by coil springs.
For model year 1975 the base 100 was re-christened the 100 L and received a 1.6 liter four cylinder engine (coming out of the Audi 80).
| Second generation 100 & 200 (C2) | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Production | 1976–1982 988,581 100 4-door: 887,647Oswald, op. cit., p. 263. Figures given for calendar years; some overlap with predecessor/successor, actual figures slightly lower. Avant: 49,652 200: 51,282 |
| Assembly | Neckarsulm, Ingolstadt, Germany |
| Body style(s) | 4-door sedan 5-door hatchback 2-door sedan |
| Layout | Front engine, front-wheel drive |
| Platform | Volkswagen C2 platform |
| Engine(s) | 1.6L & 2.0L I4 1.9L & 2.1l I5 (non-turbo and turbo) 2.0 I5 diesel & turbo diesel |
| Transmission(s) | 3-speed automatic 5-speed manual |
Audi 5000 C2 in US-specification
The C2 Audi 100 was launched in 1976, with crisper styling and an unusual five-cylinder engine (the first gasoline 5 in the world — Mercedes-Benz had shown the way in 1974 with their three litre Diesel 5-cyl in the Mercedes-Benz C111). It was initially a 100 bhp (74 kW) engine offering "6-cylinder power and 4-cylinder economy", and later upgraded to 136 bhp (100 kW).
The Coupé was discontinued, but a five-door hatchback model, the 100 Avant, was launched in August 1977 as part of this generation. Two- and four-door models continued.
The 100 was sold as the Audi 5000 in the United States, in order to rebrand the car and avoid association with the C1. It was a sales success, allowing Audi to spread development costs over a much wider base than its Europe-only competitors. Additionally, it was available in the US with the 2.0 I5 diesel and eventually 2.0 I5 turbo diesel engines coupled to 5-speed manual or 3-speed automatic transmissions. Diesel powerplants were supposedly discontinued in the US after 1983 model year.
In 1980, Audi launched the Audi 200, a plusher variant that included a turbocharged model of 170 bhp (127 kW), available in 200 5E or 200 5T spec. The 5T or turbocharged model in addition of the 5E model featured heated seats, opening front quarter windows, cruise control, ski bag, green tinted glass, electric sunroof, and heated mirrors. It was available with standard 3-speed automatic. The only options listed in the brochure were 5-speed manual transmission at no extra cost, air conditioning, and leather seating. This car was marketed in the U.S. as the 5000 Turbo. The Audi 100/200 was succeeded by the C3 platform model in 1983, and the 200 followed one year later.
Engines available included:
North America:
About 850.000 Audi 100/200 C2 were builtWerner Oswald: Deutsche Autos 1945-1990, vol. 4, ISBN 3-613-02131-5, p. 263, of which 133.512 were sold in the USAMike Covello, Standard Catalog of Imported Cars 1946-2002. Krause Publications, Iola 2002, ISBN 0-87341-605-8, p. 82-85..
| Third generation 100 & 200 (C3) | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Production | 1982–1991 |
| Assembly | Neckarsulm, Germany Changchun, China |
| Body style(s) | 4-door sedan AVANT, a 5-door station wagon |
| Layout | Front engine, front-wheel drive / quattro four-wheel drive |
| Platform | Volkswagen C3 platform |
| Engine(s) | 1.6L I4 1.9L−2.3L I5 2.0L−2.5L I5 Diesel/Turbodiesel |
| Transmission(s) | 3-speed automatic 5-speed manual 4-speed manual |
| Wheelbase | 105.6 in (2682 mm) (1988-1990 FWD & 200) 105.9 in (2690 mm) (1988-1990 AWD & Wagons) 105.8 in (2687 mm) (Pre-1988) |
| Length | 188.7 in (4793 mm) (RoW) 192.7 in (4895 mm) (USA) |
| Width | 71.4 in (1814 mm) |
| Height | 55.9 in (1420 mm) 55.7 in (1415 mm) (S) |
| Fuel capacity | 21.1 US gallons (79.9 L/17.6 imp gal) |
Edging out the Ford Sierra as Car of the Year in Europe, the 1983 Audi 100 had a remarkable aerodynamic look, achieving a drag coefficient of 0.30 for its smoothest base model. The increased aerodynamic efficiency resulted in better fuel economy and consumers all over the world were waking up to this fact. This became a great marketing tool for Audi in the 1980s and marked a huge leap forward from the boxy shape of the C2 as well as the technology it introduced, including the Procon Ten safety system.
Audi was able to catch up to modern smooth look first seen in this sector on the 1975 Citroën CX. The Audi in turn influenced the Ford Taurus, an American-made sedan from 1986. This rounded look became the norm by the 1990s. It also set a styling trend of flush wheel covers, a thick black side door moulding and blacked out window frames eventually adopted by a range of cars from the 1984 Honda Accord to the K cars. Audi innovated flush windows on the C3, a key area for aerodynamic drag that has been adopted by virtually all manufacturers today.
The two-door models were no longer available, and the Audi 100 Avant was reintroduced as Audi\'s first attempt at a station wagon based on the 100. The 200 continued as the upmarket variant with several versions of the 2.2l turbo 5 cylinder available in different markets over its life ranging in power outputs from 121 kW (165 bhp) MC engine, through the 136 kW (180 bhp) and 147 kW (200 bhp) versions to the final 162 kW (220 bhp) 20-valve 3B engine available from 1990. The 200 20V was distinguished by its flared front and rounded rear wheel arches instead of the flat type used for the rest of the 100-200 range. The MC turbo engine was available in the 100 as well for some markets.
The 100 also featured a breakthrough diesel engine, one of the first to use direct-injection in the turbo-diesel model.
In the United States, the 5000 name was abandoned after Audi received very negative publicity over its "unintended acceleration" incident, a problem exacerbated by news reports from CBS News\' 60 Minutes program.[2] The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) concluded that the majority of unintended acceleration cases, including all the ones that prompted the 60 Minutes report, were caused by driver error such as confusion of pedals.[3] CBS issued a partial retraction. A legacy of this are the intricate patterns many shifters use, and brake interlock mechanisms to prevent inadvertent shifting into forward or reverse, where the standard was a straight front-back pattern.
However, with the damage to its US reputation done, the 5000 once again became the 100, or the 200 depending on engine configuration, for the 1989 model year. Audi sales in the US would not return to the same level for 15 years. During its last year of production for the 1991 model year, the 100 and 200 featured a larger, more rounded rear wheel-well opening. This minor styling revision was something of preview of the styling of the upcoming fourth generation model that was waiting in the wings and, in appearance, further dissociated the model from that of the 5000 with its damaged reputation.
The engine range was comprised of the following enginesOswald, op. cit., p. 319-329.Covello, op. cit., p. 85-89.:
Audi 100:
Audi 200:
Audi 5000/100/200 North America:
At the end of the decade, the Audi V8 was announced. This was essentially a 200 quattro with an engine derived from two four-cylinder Volkswagen Golf GTI engines put together. Although styling was similar to the 200 on which it was based, with the exception of the roof and doors, body panels were NOT shared. The V8 was available as a 3.6 L or a 4.2 L engine. It was the first quattro model to have an automatic gearbox, featuring a ZF 4-speed unit with a viscous coupling centre differential, combined with a Torsen rear differential. The manual gearbox quattro\'s across the range continued with a conventional rear differential, and the Torsen centre differential.
The 5000 S/Turbo was on Car and Driver\'s Ten Best list for 1984 and 1985. The CS Turbo quattro was on that list for 1986 through 1988.
| Production FiguresOswald, op. cit., p. 263. Note: figures given for calendar years, might include late C2 production; figures for 200 not including 1991. | |
| 100 | 852,243 |
| 100 Avant | 122,852 |
| 200 | 97,195 |
| 200 Avant | 6,153 |
| Total | 1,078,443 |
Audi 200 quattro vl black.jpg
C3 Audi 200 quattro 20V |
Audi 100 C3 Avant 1983.jpg
C3 Audi 100 Avant |
| Fourth generation 100 (C4) | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Production | 1990–1994 |
| Assembly | Neckarsulm, Germany |
| Body style(s) | 4-door sedan 5-door station wagon |
| Layout | Front engine, front-wheel drive / quattro four-wheel drive |
| Platform | Volkswagen C4 platform |
| Engine(s) | Petrol: 2.0L I4 74 kW (99 hp) SPI 2.0L I4 85 kW (114 hp) MPI 2.0L I4 103 kW (138 hp) 16 valve 2.3L I5 98 kW (131 hp) 2.6L V6 110 kW (148 hp) 2.8L V6 128 kW (172 hp) Diesel: 2.4L I5 60 kW (80 hp) 2.5L I5 85 kW (114 hp) TDI 2.5L I5 103 kW (138 hp) TDI |
| Transmission(s) | 4-speed automatic 5-speed manual |
| Wheelbase | 105.8 in (2687 mm) (FWD) 106 in (2692 mm) (AWD) |
| Length | 192.6 in (4892 mm) |
| Width | 70 in (1778 mm) |
| Height | 56.3 in (1430 mm) 56.6 in (1438 mm) (AWD Sedan) 57 in (1448 mm) (FWD Sedan) |
| Fuel capacity | 21.1 US gallons (79.9 L/17.6 imp gal) |
A heavily revised C3, the C4, was introduced in 1991. The C3-platform V8 continued to be sold as a separate line. The major change for the C4 was the introduction of a 2.8L, 90 degree, SOHC, 12v, V6 engine. It was later joined by a 2.6L variant, though this is actually a 60 degree engine. They are essentially the same engines offered in the 1992, B4 Audi 80. The option of quattro all wheel drive was an option across the range, and the Audi 100 quattro was available with a ZF 4-speed automatic gearbox.
For the 1995 model year, Audi dropped the 100 nameplate, renaming it the A6 instead. In addition, what had previously been sold as the S4 became the S6, however the two models became completely independent of each other after Audi\'s replacement of the 80 with the A4 model, also in 1995. The V8 was eventually replaced by the A8 in 1994.
The actual Audi 100 design continued until early 1997, when it was replaced by an all-new A6.
In addition to the C platform codes, Audi assigned type numbers to their models:
An example of Hongqi CA7200, seen in Shanghai
The C3-platform Audi 100 was also produced in Changchun, China, by FAW (First Automobile Works, a Chinese automotive manufacturer), for many years during the 1990s. Since most products are for governmental usage, all of China-made 100s are front-wheel drive sedans with a 2.0l 4 cylinder engine or a 2.3l 5 cylinder one.
In 1990, Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPC approved a resolution to circumscribe car import and the engine displacement of cars equipped to officials. Furthermore, the resolution also prescribed that all cars of central departments of both Party and government must be homemade ones. As the most luxurious and advanced cars made in China in early-1990s, FAW-Audi 100 and 200 have possessed a considerable percentage in Chinese high-class market of executive cars for nearly one decade, until the C3-platform cars was replaced by Audi A6 in 1999.
During the negotiation between FAW and Volkswagen in late-1980s, Volkswagen acceded to FAW\'s suggestion of combining C3 platform with previously introduced Chrysler engines in the intending new generation Hongqi (Red Flag). Hongqi CA7200 series with the technology of C3 were launched in mid-1990s, while most of C3 Audi 100 parts could be made in China. CA7200 were initially equipped with Chrysler 2.0l or 2.2 l 4 cylinder 488 engines, whose product line was introduced into China in 1987. In 2000s, new Nissan VQ20 engines replaced the original 4 cylinder petrol engine. [4]
A small number of C3 200s (with 1.8T or 2.6l V6 engine) and some early C4 100s (largely in European style but with tail lights in American style) were also assembled in Changchun from
At the Geneva Motor Show in March 1990Eberhard Kittler: Deutsche Autos seit 1990, Bd. 5 ("German Cars since 1990, vol. 5"). Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-613-02052-1, p.65 Audi presented its first iteration of the Audi Duo (or Audi 100 Avant Duo) experimental vehicle, a plug-in parallel hybrid based on the Audi 100 Avant quattro. This car had a 12.6 bhp Siemens electric motor which drove the rear wheels. A trunk-mounted nickel-cadmium battery supplied energy to the motor that drove the rear wheels. The vehicle\'s front wheels were powered by a 2.3-litre five-cylinder engine with an output of 136 bhp. The intent was to produce a vehicle which could operate on the engine in the country and electric mode in the city. Mode of operation could be selected by the driver. Just ten vehicles are believed to have been made; one drawback was that due to the extra weight of the electric drive, the vehicles were less efficient when running on their engines alone than standard Audi 100s with the same engine.
In late 1991Eberhard Kittler: Deutsche Autos seit 1990, Bd. 5 ("German Cars since 1990, vol. 5"). Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-613-02052-1, p.71 Audi unveiled the second Duo generation - likewise based on the Audi 100 Avant quattro. Once again this featured an electric motor, a 28.6 bhp three-phase machine, driving the rear wheels. This time, however, the rear wheels were additionally powered via the Torsen differential from the main engine compartment, which housed a 2.0-litre four-cylinder engine.
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| Audi car timeline, European market, 1970s–present | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Type | 1970s | 1980s | 1990s | 2000s | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | |
| Supermini | 50 | A2 | A1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Small family car | A3 / S3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compact exec | 60 / 75 / 90 | 80 / 90 | A4 / S4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Executive car | 100 / 200 / S4(C4) | A6 / S6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Full-size car | V8 | A8 / S8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Coupé | Coupé S | Coupé GT | A5 / S5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Coupé quattro Typ85 | Coupé quattro Typ89 (B3) | A7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Roadster | TT | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sports car | quattro | RS2 Avant | RS4 | RS4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RS6 | RS6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supercar | R8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Convertible | Cabriolet | A4 / S4 cabriolet | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Crossover | allroad quattro | A6 allroad quattro | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SUV | Q5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Q7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concept and future models: A1 · A7 · Allroad Quattro Concept · Avantissimo · Avus quattro · Le Mans quattro · Nuvolari quattro · Pikes Peak quattro · Q3 · Q5 · R4 · Roadjet · RSQ (from I, Robot) · Shooting Brake · Rosemeyer · R-Zero | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Motorsport: Sport Quattro · Sport Quattro S1 · R8R LMP · R8C LMP · R8 LMP · R10 LMP | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Founder: August Horch | Audi Corporate website | A brand of the VWAG group | quattro GmbH | Audi Centre of Excellence | Audi Channel | Audi Driving Experience | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Audi car timeline, North American market, 1970s–present | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type | 1970s | 1980s | 1990s | 2000s | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | |
| Compact car | A3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Super 90 | Fox | 4000 | 80/90 | A4/S4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mid-size car | 100 | 5000/5000 turbo | 100/200/S4 | A6/S6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Full-size car | V8 | A8/S8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Coupé | GT | Quattro T89(B3) | A5 / S5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Roadster | TT | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sports car | Quattro | RS6 | RS4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| R8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Convertible | Cabriolet | A4/S4 Cabriolet | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Crossover SUV | allroad quattro | A6 allroad quattro | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compact SUV | Q5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Luxury SUV | Q7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Founder: August Horch · Audi Corporate website · A brand of the VWAG group · quattro GmbH · Audi Centre of Excellence · Audi Driving Experience | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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