Particle_beam, Particle_beam Information, Particle


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A particle beam is an accelerated stream of charged particles or atoms (often moving at very near the speed of light) which may be directed by magnets and focused by electrostatic lenses, although they may also be self-focusing (see Pinch).

Subatomic particles such as electrons, positrons, and protons can be accelerated to high velocities and energies, usually expressed in terms of center-of-mass energy, by machines that impart energy to the particles in small stages or nudges, ultimately achieving in this way very high energy particle beams, measured in terms of billions and even trillions of electron volts. Thus, in terms of their scale, particles can be made to perform as powerful missiles for bombarding other particles in a target substance or for colliding with each other as they assume intersecting orbits.

High energy beams are created in particle accelerators, in which a charged particle is drawn forward by an electrostatic (not magnetic) field with a charge opposite to the particle (like charges repel one another, opposites attract); as the particle passes the source of each field, the charge of the field is reversed so that the particle is now pushed on to another field source. Through a series of fields in sequence, the particle accelerates until it is moving at a high speed. A natural analogy to particle beams is lightning, where electrons flow from negatively charged clouds to positively charged clouds or the earth.

Low and medium energy beams are quite common. Traditional cathode-ray tube televisions and computer displays use them to scan out each image, and some radiation therapy methods use them to treat cancer.

Particle beams as weapons

Though particle beams are perhaps most famously employed as weapon systems in science fiction, the U.S. Advanced Research Projects Agency started work on particle beam weapons as early as 1958 [1], two years before the first scientific demonstration of lasers. The general idea of particle-beam weaponry is to hit a target object with a stream of accelerated particles moving at near the speed of light and therefore carrying tremendous kinetic energy; the particles transfer their kinetic energy to the atoms in the molecules of the target upon striking, much as a cue ball transfers its energy to the racked balls in billiards, thus exciting the target\'s atoms and superheating the target object in a short time, leading to explosion either of the surface layer or the interior of the target. Currently, the materials for such weapons are "high-risk" and may not be developed for some time. [2].

The power needed to project a high-powered beam of this kind surpasses the production capabilities of any standard battlefield powerplant, thus such weapons are not anticipated to be produced in any near time. Particle beams could possibly be used from fixed locations, or in space, for example as part of the Strategic Defense Initiative (dubbed "Star Wars") or similar initiatives, but the problems related to power source still stand at present, pending future development in that field.

There may indeed be a recent development^{[citation needed]}. US patent 7282727 was issued October 2007 for an electron beam directed energy weapon that supposedly can be used in space to destroy a ballistic missile. According to the patent, a 1000 ampere beam of 1 billion volts can be focused to a 1 cm diameter spot 1000 km distant from the device for 0.1 msec. The device is powered by flywheels and, again according to the patent, can fire one burst of electrons per second for weeks. The advantage of this would be the ability to strike a large number of targets without having to discern which one is the warhead and which are the decoys. It could theoretically strike them all many times over.

In Fiction

In the game Command & Conquer: Generals, a Particle Cannon is used as the USA superweapon.
In the game Homeworld, most playable and non-playable factions have ships that equip particle beam weaponary - Kushan and Taiidan have the Ion Cannon frigate, the Kadeshi have the Multi-Beam frigate, and the Turanic Raiders - the Ion Array frigate. Also in the game Homeworld 2, Sajuuk is equipped with a phase cannon array.
In the X-Files Episode: Kill Switch, a particle beam fires at Fox Mulder and Dana Scully.
In the game EVE online, the Gallente use a type of particle beam called blasters on their ships.
Charged Particle weapons are utilised heavily in the Zoids universe. Various Zoids are equipped with Charged Particle Cannons; the Death Saurer, Geno Saurer, Geno Breaker, Death Stinger and Berserk Fury (which can fire three at once) being the most famous examples.
In Under Siege 2: Dark Territory, starring Steven Seagal, a particle beam satellite, named Grazer One, is used as a weapon of choice by terrorists being paid $1 billion to destroy targets in the United States. A private jet and a Chinese Chemical Weapons plant are also targeted and destroyed.
In the Star Wars: Battlefront games, Particle cannons can be used as Particle cannon turret and in certain spaceships. A hand-held variety is also available as an unlockable sniper rifle upgrade.
In the game Snatcher, a Phased Particle Beam is used to eradicate an important location.
In the Xbox game Halo, a Particle Beam Rifle is used as a sniper rifle by The Covenant and a similar but larger scale weapon called the energy projector is mounted on some Covenant warships, also, the spartan laser is not a laser but a particle acceleration beam
In Peter F Hamilton\'s Commonwealth Saga series, particle beams and particle lances are part of military issue combat suits.
The Table-top wargame Heavy Gear and both computer game adaptions feature particle cannons as a high end weapon that can only be used by large Gears and certain hovertanks.
In the anime series Bubblegum Crisis, particle beam satellites were used many times as a weapon of mass destruction.
In the Table-top wargames BattleTech and the computer game adaptations MechWarrior, Particle Projection Cannons (PPC) are very powerful energy weapons. As a variant of a particle beam weapon, the PPC fires a short burst of particles instead of a steady stream. In early iterations of the MechWarrior video games, the PPC was depicted as firing a slow moving ball of blue energy that exploded on impact. Later games depict it more realistically as a lightning bolt-like stream of electricity that travels very quickly, but with some travel time. In all instances the PPC realistically uses a substantial amount of energy and produces a large quantity of heat.MechAssault and MechAssault 2 depict it as a blue energy ball with a charge time to determine the power.
In Final Fantasy III DS, the Final Boss\' ultimate attack is called "Particle Beam"
In the TV series, Stargate SG1, the Tolan\'s defenses consist of "Ion Cannons".
In Ace Combat Zero, a laser-type weapon is used against you.
In the FPS PC Game F.E.A.R. a Type 7 Particle Weapon is used as a Super-weapon, by the player and adds 100% damage to enemies when aimed almost in any part of the enemy body.
In the Mobile Suit Gundam metaverse, particle weapons are called beam weapons. They vary from beam sabers, beam rifles, and large beam cannons.
In the computer game Starscape, the particle beam is the final and most powerful upgrade to the ship.
In the computer game Galactic Civilizations II: Dread Lords, one of the less advanced weapons in the \'beam weapon\' branch is the particle cannon.
In the cartoon Gargoyles, particle beams are frequently used as weapons.
In the game Independence War 2: Edge of Chaos, one of the most commonly used weapons is the particle beam cannon (PBC). There are many other types of PBCs such as the neutron PBC, cryo PBC, wide arc PBC, light PBC, and quad light PBC.
In the film Aliens, the vessel USS Sulaco is fitted with two particle beam weapons as part of its arsenal, capable of disrupting the electronic systems of enemy vessels at long range.
In Philip Reeves Mortal Engines Quartet two particle beam weapons, Orbital Defence Initiative and MEDUSA, form a main part of most of the four books.
In the game Escape Velocity, The Particle Beam was the most powerful obtainable weapon (excluding the Forklift), gained by following the Confederation string. In the story line, the Rebellion have stolen parts from the weapon and as a mission the player is sent to retrieve them. The weapon is then fitted onto the players current ship. The Particle Beam drains fuel quickly and has short range, but this is offset by it\'s power. It\'s Rebellion counter-part is the Mass Driver.

Particle_beam

Particle beams as weapons

In Fiction

See also